Wrong Blood Given describes transfusion reactions caused by what mechanism?

Wrong Blood Given describes transfusion reactions caused by what mechanism?

• A. the donor cells are destroyed by foreign antibodies in plasma
• B. antibodies in a patient's serum will bind to and cause the destruction of newly introduced RBCs. When RBCs are destroyed chemicals are released that increase vasodilation and vascular permeability.
• C. RBCs clump due to antibody coating of donor plasma proteins
• D. RBCs are unaffected and there is no reaction

Answer: (D)

Transfusion reactions from a wrong blood transfusion happen when the recipient’s immune system recognizes donor red blood cell antigens as foreign and mounts an antibody-mediated attack against those cells. Antibodies in the recipient’s serum bind to incompatible donor RBC antigens (such as ABO antigens), causing red blood cells to clump (agglutinate) and to be destroyed by the complement system. This hemolysis releases red cell breakdown products and inflammatory mediators, which lead to symptoms like fever, chills, flushing, and, in more severe cases, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and shock. In short, the reaction is driven by antibodies in the patient attacking the donor RBCs, a type II hypersensitivity process.

Transfusion reactions from a wrong blood transfusion happen when the recipient’s immune system recognizes donor red blood cell antigens as foreign and mounts an antibody-mediated attack against those cells. Antibodies in the recipient’s serum bind to incompatible donor RBC antigens (such as ABO antigens), causing red blood cells to clump (agglutinate) and to be destroyed by the complement system. This hemolysis releases red cell breakdown products and inflammatory mediators, which lead to symptoms like fever, chills, flushing, and, in more severe cases, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and shock. In short, the reaction is driven by antibodies in the patient attacking the donor RBCs, a type II hypersensitivity process.